Marcussen, T., Sandve, S.R., Heier, L., Spannagl, M., Pfeifer, M., Rogers, J., Doležel, J., Pozniak, C., Eversole, K., Feuillet, C., Gill, B., Friebe, B., Lukaszewski, A.J., Sourdille, P., Endo, T.R., Kubaláková, M., Číhalíková, J., Dubská, Z., Vrána, J., Šperková, R., Šimková, H., Febrer, M., Clissold, L., McLay, K., Singh, K., Chhuneja, P., Singh, N.K., Khurana, J., Akhunov, E., Choulet, F., Alberti, A., Barbe, V., Wincker, P., Kanamori, H., Kobayashi, F., Itoh, T., Matsumoto, T., Sakai, H., Tanaka, T., Wu, J., Ogihara, Y., Handa, H., Maclachlan, P.R., Sharpe, A., Klassen, D., Edwards, D., Batley, J., Olsen, O.A., Sandve, S.R., Lien, S., Steuernagel, B., Wulff, B., Caccamo, M., Ayling, S., Ramirez-Gonzalez, R.H., Clavijo, B.J., Wright, J., Pfeifer, M., Spannagl, M., Martis, M.M., Mascher, M., Chapman, J., Poland, J.A., Scholz, U., Barry, K., Waugh, R., Rokhsar, D.S., Muehlbauer, G.J., Stein, N., Gundlach, H., Zytnicki, M., Jamilloux, V., Quesneville, H., Wicker, T., Faccioli, P., Colaiacovo, M., Stanca, A.M., Budak, H., Cattivelli, L., Glover, N., Pingault, L., Paux, E., Sharma, S., Appels, R., Bellgard, M., Chapman, B., Nussbaumer, T., Bader, K.C., Rimbert, H., Wang, S., Knox, R., Kilian, A., Alaux, M., Alfam, F., Couderc, L., Guilhot, N., Viseux, C., Loaec, M., Keller, B., Praud, S., Jakobsen, K.S., Wulff, B.B., Steuernagel, B., Mayer, K.F., Olsen, O.A.
SCIENCE 345: 1250092, 2014

Keywords:
Abstract: The allohexaploid bread wheat genome consists of three closely related subgenomes (A, B, and D), but a clear understanding of their phylogenetic history has been lacking. We used genome assemblies of bread wheat and five diploid relatives to analyze genome-wide samples of gene trees, as well as to estimate evolutionary relatedness and divergence times.We show that the A and B genomes diverged from a common ancestor ~7 million years ago and that these genomes gave rise to the D genome through homoploid hybrid speciation 1 to 2 million years later. Our findings imply that the present-day bread wheat genome is a product of multiple rounds of hybrid speciation (homoploid and polyploid) and lay the foundation for a new framework for understanding the wheat genome as a multilevel phylogenetic mosaic.
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IEB authors: Jaroslav Doležel, Zdeňka Dubská, Hana Šimková, Romana Šperková, Jan Vrána